Mark Corson

G. Campa. American Graduate School of International Management.

The circumstances attending the acceptance of this fund were as follows: At a meeting of the Board of Trustees of the University buy generic eriacta 100mg online erectile dysfunction drug, October 28 generic eriacta 100mg with visa erectile dysfunction doctors in ct, 1890 eriacta 100mg on line erectile dysfunction pills at gnc, the following letter was presented: “The committee formed for the purpose of raising a fund to procure the most advanced medical educa- tion for women can now place at your disposal the sum of one hundred thousand dollars for the use of your Medical School, if you will, by resolution, agree that women whose previous training has been equivalent to your preliminary medical course, shall be admitted to the school, when it shall open, upon the same terms which may be prescribed for men. There can be no doubt that women ought to be trained to act as nurses for sick women. There is as little doubt that a suffcient number of women ought to be educated and trained in such manner as to be fully able to care for sick women who may wish or ought to be treated by women. We have reason to hope that a university which proposes to found a medical school intended to teach advanced methods in the treatment of those diseases which affect mankind, will not refuse to women the opportunity of learning such methods. In order that this interest may be sustained, we ask you to consider our offer at the earliest possible period. Nancy Morris Davis, chairman of one of the committees formed for the purpose of raising a fund to procure the most advanced medical education for women, the gratifying intelligence that $100,000 has been raised for the use of their intended Medical School, and is at their disposal, if they will, by resolution, agree to the terms upon which the money was contributed by its donors. Then, and not until then, will a Medical School be opened by this University, and then, and not until then, will the gift now offered be used by this University; and then, and not until then, will the terms attached thereto be operative. That women shall enjoy all the advantages of the Medical School of the Johns Hopkins University on the same terms as men to all the prizes, dignities or honors that are awarded by competition, examination, or regarded as rewards of merit. That not more than $50,000 of the original endowment of $500,000 shall be expended on a building or buildings; and that in memory of the contributions of the Committees of the Women’s Medical School Fund, this building, if there be but one, or the chief building, if there be more than one, shall be known as the Womens’ Fund Memorial Building. That the Medical School of the University shall be exclusively a graduate school as hereinafter explained, that is to say: That the Medical School of the Johns Hopkins University shall form an integral part of the Johns Hopkins University, and like other departments of the University, shall be under the man- agement and control of the Trustees of the said University, that it shall provide a four years’ course, leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine; that there shall be admitted to the School those students only who, by examination or by other tests equally satisfactory to the Faculty of the Medical School (no distinction being made in these tests or examinations between men and women), have proved that they have completed the studies included in the Preliminary Medical Course (Group Three, Chemical-Biological Course), as laid down in the University Register (but this condition is not meant to restrict the Trustees from receiving as hearers, but not as candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, those who have received the degree of Doctor of Medicine, or its equivalent, in some school of good repute); and that the degree of Doctor of Medicine of the Johns Hopkins University shall be given to no Doctor of Medicine who has not proved by examination or by other tests equally satisfactory to the Faculty of the Medical School that he has com- pleted the studies included in the Preliminary Courses, besides completing the course of instruction of the Medical School of the Johns Hopkins University. The aforegoing provision shall not be construed as restricting the liberty of the University to make such changes in the requirements for the admission to the Medical School of the Johns Hopkins University or to accept such equivalents for the studies required for admission to the school as shall not lower the stan- dard of admission specifed in this clause; provided that the requirements in modern languages other than English shall not be diminished, and provided also that the requirements in non-medical scientifc studies shall include at least as much knowledge of natural science as is imparted in the three minor courses in science now laid down in its University Register, the subjects and arrangements of these scientifc studies being subject to such modifcations as may from time to time seem wise to its Board and to the Faculty of the Medical School, but being at all times the same for all candidates for admission. That the terms of this gift and the resolution of October 28, 1890, by which the Trustees accepted the gift of the Women’s Medical School Fund, shall be printed each year in whatever annual calendars may be issued announcing the courses of the Medical School. That there shall be created a committee of six women to whom the women studying in the Medical School may apply for advice concerning lodging and other practical matters, and that all questions concern- ing the personal character of women applying for admission to the School and all non-academic questions of discipline affecting the women studying in the Medical School shall be referred to this committee, and by them be in writing reported for action to the authorities of the University; that the members of this committee shall be members for life; that the committee, when once formed, shall be self-nominating, its nominations of new members to fll such vacancies as may occur being subject always to the approval of the Board of Trustees of the University. That in the event of any violation of any or all of the aforesaid stipulations, the said sum of $306,977 shall revert to her, or such person or persons, institution or institutions, as she by testament or otherwise may hereafter appoint. It will be observed that by the tenor of the aforegoing terms no university course will be in any way modi- fed by any conditions attached to her gift. These conditions relate exclusively to preparation for the Medical School, and have received, in the shape in which they are now presented, the unanimous approval of the Medical Faculty of the University. The terms of admission to the Medical School of the University, as formulated and interpreted by the Medical Faculty of the University, February 4, 1893, and here subjoined, are therefore in entire accordance with the terms of her gift. Those who have satisfactorily completed the Chemical-Biological course which leads to the A. Graduates of approved colleges or scientifc schools who can furnish evidence: (a) That they have a good reading knowledge of French and German; (b) That they have such knowledge of physics, chemistry and biology as is imparted by the regular minor courses given in these subjects in this University. Those who give evidence by examination that they possess the general education implied by a degree in arts or in science from an approved college or scientifc school, and the knowledge of French, German, physics, chemistry and biology already indicated. By approved colleges and scientifc schools are meant those whose standard for graduation shall be considered by this University as essentially equivalent to its standard for graduation in the undergraduate department. It is to be understood that at least one year’s study in the Chemical and Biological Sciences in their intermediate relation to medicine shall be required from students after their entrance to the Medical School. Biopanic, advanced maternal age and fertility outcomes 3 Larisa Corda, Amita Khanapure and Mahantesh Karoshi British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A textbook of preconceptional medicine and management. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or 8. Preconceptional counseling for women with chronic kidney disease 99 otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher Kate Bramham and Liz Lightstone Typeset by: K. Optimization of hypertension and embryo safe antihypertensives 157 Imran Hamzawala and Charlotte Chaliha Vijaya Karanam, Anshuman Ghosh and Nick Anim-Nyame 25. Pregnancy and fertility counseling in breast cancer survivors 369 Section 2: Infectious conditions Christobel Saunders, Angela Ives and Toni Musiello 14. Prior pelvic infammatory disease, endometriosis and ectopic pregnancy 251 Kinneret Tenenbaum-Gavish and Moshe Hod Joyanto Choudhury and Saikat Banerjee 33. Preconceptional counseling of women with previous third and fourth degree 267 Roger Gadsby perineal tears Maria Memtsa and Wai Yoong Index 469 Section 4: Phobias 21. All four editors are well example, the two chapters related to medica- known in different aspects of this important tion issues, the one on ‘Routine vitamin, min- discipline of medicine, and they have care- eral and micronutrient supplementation’ on fully selected the authors of the Textbook so the one side and that on ‘Drugs to be avoided’ that a wide spectrum of subjects is covered on the other, both illustrate from opposite which ranges from folate prohylaxis in, and points of view how critical certain gestational especially before, pregnancy, to prevent neural age windows are for the undisturbed devel- tube defects in the child, by one of the Editors opment of a child in utero, a lesson that was Louis G. Keith, to preconceptional optimiza- brought home in a dramatic way by the tha- tion in solid organ recipients, by Sandra Jones lidomide catastrophe at the beginning of the and Sue Carr. Most often conceptional care as ‘covering interventions that aim to identify and modify biochemical, pregnancy care starts only after 10–14 men- behavioral and social risks to women’s health strual weeks when the most sensitive and or pregnancy outcome through prevention vulnerable period for the embryo has already and management. Diminished embryo implanta- social changes occurring in the late 20th and tion combined with the steep rise in the rate of early 21st centuries, a new epidemic is extend- miscarriage account for the substantial decline ing across the Western world and leading to in fertility noted after the age of 453–6. In mod- increase in conception rates has occurred in ern society, the pressure of achieving fnancial, women aged 40 and over, and this trend has career and relationship fulfllments, whilst persisted with no sign of decline. However, ensuring a spontaneous conception, which has this change is juxtaposed against the biological least impact on the conceptus, optimum preg- irony of a signifcant reduction in fertility after nancy outcome and a capacity to withstand the age of 35, which clearly cannot change8. Geneva bourgeoisie, husbands born in 1600–49 age increased by 36% between 1991 and 2001, Canada, marriages 1700–30 and the rate among women 40–44 years of 9 Normandy marriages, 1760–90 age rose by a remarkable 70%. The risk of 500 The age of menarche has decreased over having a Down’s syndrome baby rises with generations, and life span has increased, maternal age, essentially doubling from 1 in 400 but the age of the menopause has remained 725 at maternal age 32 to 1 in 365 at maternal unchanged. At the same time as they are pursuing ing specifc factors that can negatively affect 0 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 their career, they desire to achieve successful the desired outcome of a pregnancy: declining fertility, miscarriage, chromosomal abnormali- Age of wife ties, hypertensive complications, stillbirth and maternal mortality. The possibility of a However, age 41 is generally considered to be 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 more than 400 pregnancies per 1000 exposed spontaneous pregnancy occurring is less than the point when fertility stops and subfertility women per year, and then begins to decrease Year 2% around the age of 42 and almost 0% after starts. In actuality, fertility reaches its approximately 10 years after the substantial rate is only 100 pregnancies per 1000 exposed 2,14 Figure 2 Trends in average age of patients nadir after the age of 40. The depleted oocytes undergo women between the ages of 35 and 44 wish- for older women, with trends being apparent but only 400–500 eventually undergo ovula- atresia through apoptosis or necrosis18,19. From puberty onward, the loss of fol- Because the ovarian pool of follicles declines outcome with advancing age, as the number the Confdential Enquiries into Maternal and licles is continuous throughout the woman’s exponentially with advancing age, from the age of gametes available is much lower (Table 2).

The science-based practice of herbal medicine is now called 43 phytomedicineorphytotherapy cheap eriacta 100 mg free shipping erectile dysfunction treatment bay area, which is a system of therapeutics in which dis- 44 eases and disorders are treated with medicinal plants and preparations made 45 from them using scientific principles order eriacta 100 mg with mastercard hard pills erectile dysfunction. Using modern 48 chemical and pharmaceutical methods discount eriacta 100 mg erectile dysfunction age at onset, a number of popular herbal remedies 49 are nowadays “standardized” to provide consistent levels of proven identified 50 active compounds. A genus may in- 21 clude one or more species, and a family may include one or more genera. In North America, government funding of human studies 30 on the efficacy and safety of herbal preparations is just beginning. According to the German Drug Law (Arzneimittelgesetz), herbal 46 “drugs” (preparations) must meet the same standards as chemically defined 47 drugs with respect to pharmaceutical quality, efficacy, and safety, whereas in 48 the United States they are considered dietary supplements. Results of physicochemical, biological and microbiological tests and a de- 5 scription of the testing methods (analytical testing, assessment of pharma- 6 ceutical quality) 7 2. Results of pharmacological and toxicological tests (assessment of drug 8 efficacy and safety) 9 3. Results of clinical studies (efficacy and safety) 10 – If the beneficial and adverse effects, and the side effects of a preparation are 11 already known, empirical evidence acquired by scientific methods can be 12 submitted instead of items 2 and 3. In this capacity, the Commission issued 17 summaries and assessments of the published data on the pharmacology, 18 toxicology, and clinical efficacy of 360 herbal medical preparations. These 19 monographs are available in English, published by the American Botanical 20 Council (see list of references, p. The 22 monographs are not referenced with the primary literature, and so cannot 23 be peer-reviewed or critically evaluated, especially since, recognizing the 24 explosion of recent scientific work, they have not been revised in nearly 10 25 years. The revised monographs included a comprehensive re- 29 view of the recent literature. The 34 monographs are not referenced with the primary literature, and so cannot 35 be peer-reviewed or critically evaluated, especially since, recognizing the 36 explosion of recent scientific work, they have not been revised in nearly 10 37 years. Specifications for assaying the con- 41 tent of target or primary constituents are just as exact and are designed to 42 ensure that the chemical composition of the herbal extracts remains con- 43 sistent from batch to batch. This is especially true of liquid tinctures 4 of all kinds, including glycerites, and herb products that contain powdered 5 herbs. Herbal preparations such as liquids, capsules, or 18 tablets should be stored away from heat and direct sunlight, preferably in 19 glass containers that exclude oxygen. In North America, manufacturers of herbal products must follow 30 good manufacturing practices based on regulations for food products re- 31 garding cleanliness and safety. The products of primary metabolism maintain the plant’s vital func- 4 tions, whereas the products of secondary metabolism, as far as is currently 5 known, are not essential for the plant’s immediate survival. Nonetheless, they may have a positive or negative effect 9 on the efficacy of the active principles in drugs. This produces less favorable living conditions for the 27 pathological bacteria that cause diarrhea (see p. Essential or volatile oils are highly complex mix- 8 tures of monoterpenes (containing 10 carbon atoms) and other types of 9 compounds. Their pharmacological prop- 43 erties are determined by those of their substituents. They additionally have anticonvulsant and diuretic effects and in- 47 crease the tolerance of cells to oxygen deficiency. Hence, they 16 have anti-inflammatory, styptic, counterirritant, and weakly antibacterial 17 effects and prevent the excess secretion of mucus. They also stabilize cell walls and inhibit the 37 synthesis of mediators of inflammation. Hence, they should not be used to treat injuries or inflammations of the 7 digestive organs. Insoluble mucilages swell in the gas- 15 trointestinal tract and regulate the bowels. The goal is to obtain high-quality extracts from adefined 7 plant species with the highest possible concentrations of the active principles. The contents should be discard- 40 ed after the expiration date specified on the label. Hence, any extract pro- 19 duced by a special preparation technique is a unique active substance. These 23 extracts mainly contain water-soluble constituents and few lipid-soluble 24 components. At higher vol- 40 ume concentrations, it can also extract lipophilic drug constituents, such 41 as essential oils. Some studies by 8 Bauer, a leading authority on echinacea, and co-workers show the stability 9 of echinacea tincture under normal conditions to be 2 to 3 years with about 10 30% reduction in some important constituents per year. One part of fluid extract generally corresponds to one part of the par- 17 ent herb calculated on a dry-weight basis. A powdered extract contains generally 95% solids and 5% water resi- 23 due (moisture). A native extract or native dry extract contains only plant 24 extract material and is free of additives. Extracts that are adjusted to 5:1 (meaning 34 that 1 part of the finished extract is equivalent to all the desirable and 35 active constituents of 5 parts of the dried herb) are typical. Hence, the effects of the special 8 extract can no longer be compared with those of the raw materials. Best used under the guidance of an experienced health care profession- 13 al such as a naturopathic practitioner or herbalist. Many milder teas like gin- 14 ger, peppermint, and chamomile have some medicinal qualities, but are usu- 15 ally considered safe to use at home with care. The use and sale of many of these 16 herb teas fall under the food laws in North America; beverage teas, see p. Cutting or powdering of herbs often dras- 23 tically reduces their shelf life by allowing oxygen to reach and degrade ac- 24 tive constituents.

The variable magnetic feld and electrical stimulation) to the treatment of aim was to evaluate the effcacy of kinesio-taping for the treatment acute discogenic pain resulted in earlier remission cheap eriacta 100mg erectile dysfunction commercial. The kinesio-taping was applied to the lumber region of the patients who was clinically diagnosed with low back pain associated 213 pregnancy eriacta 100mg with mastercard impotence trials. The application of kinesio-tape to the lomber ative pain arise from central sensitization includes allodynia and region in pregnancy who presented with low back pain may be a hyperalgesia order 100mg eriacta visa erectile dysfunction treatment pdf. Morphine and anti-infammatory drugs are common safe treatment option to relieve pain and improving quality of life. Von Frey flament test was at 1h, 2 h, 4 h, 24 h after the treatment at primary and secondary area. Introduction/Background: Myofascial pain syndrome is a regional The rats showed twitching refexes on the skin when they sensitized pain condition that was caused by trigger points in muscle or muscle mechanical stimulations as nociceptive stimulations. In recent years, Kinesio tap- sia from the post-operative day 1 to post-operative day 6. However, ing has been used to support injured muscle and joints, and relieve the data showed no effect on allodynia. In this study, the question of whether the kinesio-taping will alleviate post-operative hyperalgesia and that is a local effect. Material and Methods: Prospec- tive, randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial using a repeated measures design. Subjects in group 2 (sham kinesio-taping) and group 3 (kinesio-taping) wore the tape 214 for 2 consecutive 3-day intervals, in addition to injection therapy. X-ray of the ankle 5 6 demonstrated a local heterotopic ossifcation area above the lateral Yorulmaz , A. We referred the patient to the orthopedic service for Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Department of surgical removal. Discussion: The objective of this report was to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey, 2Adana describe an unusual localization of heterotopic ossifcation that oc- Numune Training and Research Hospital-, Department of Physical curred without any predisposing factor. R International School, Director, Bioggio, Switzerland, 2Asso- ing fatigue, stiffness and sleep disturbances. Etiology and patho- ciazione di Posturologia Interdisciplinare Svizzera, Vice President, genic mechanisms are still unknown but it is suggested that envi- 3 Bioggio, Switzerland, M. R International School, Medical Direc- ronmental and genetic factors may play role in etiopathogenesis. We planned to examine the probable effect cal science used to measure the results. Results: Posturlogy allows medical sciences, and signs of all the cases were recorded. Fibromyalgia Im- used to scientifcally measure posturology, transforming it into Sci- pact Questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale, Beck Depression Inven- ence. By using posturology and posturometry in combination, this tory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Horne-Ostberg Question- method allows medical sciences, to reach at the root of the prob- naire were applied to all cases. Ata4 of Bo’s abdominal acupuncture therapy in treating Shoulder-hand 1 syndrome after stroke. Methods: sixty-two participants with shoul- Golcuk Military Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2 der-hand syndrome after stroke were recruited and randomized to Kocaeli, Turkey, Kasimpasa Military Hospital, Physical and Re- 3 the treatment and control groups. The treatment group was given habilitation Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey, Bursa Military Hospital, Bo’s abdominal acupuncture therapy and regular rehabilitation ex- Orthopedic Surgery, Bursa, Turkey, 4Gulhane Military Medical ercise, while the control group was offered regular rehabilitation Academy- Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Physical and Rehabili- exercise alone. Results: The treatment group showed signifcant improve- people were diagnosed with fbromyalgia. Conclusion: Bo’s Abdominal acupuncture relation between hypermobility and pes planus (p<0. Conclusion: Hypermobility can be seen in 5–15% of healthy individuals without any symptoms or with chronic pain complaints. The pur- 1Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Rehabilitation pose of our research was to determine the effect of physiotherapy Center, Niigata, Japan, 2Niigata University Medical and Dental on the autoregulation of cerebral circulation in patients with post- Hospital, Orthopedic surgery, Niigata, Japan concussion syndrome. Material and Methods: We observed 25 pa- tients with consequences of traumatic brain injury. Patients were divided into two purpose of this study was to evaluate the effcacy of a cognitive groups: the frst group were patients who received standard therapy. Sastradimaja1 Introduction/Background: The aim of this study is to investigate 1Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the frequency of hypermobility and to analyze the relationship with Bandung, Indonesia musculoskeletal disorders in healthy individuals between 18–25 years. The big- evaluated according to the Beighton and Brighton hypermobility gest portion of treatment expenses is due to its disabilities, therefore, criteria. This kind of exercise has were effective on reducing the severity of pain, fatigue, morning not been studied much and has become variable on its application. Material and Methods: This is an interventional study with approaches was compared to each other, aerobic exercise with Ki- pre- and post- intervention measurement. The study was conducted nesio taping treatment was more effective than only aerobic exer- in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung between Mar and cise treatment on reducing the severity of pain (p<0. Aly2 Surabaya, Indonesia 1Alexandria, Egypt, 2Faculty of Medicine- Alexandria University, Introduction/Background: Musculoskeletal diseases associated with Physical Medicine- Rheumatology & Rehabilitation, Alexandria, daily activities or occupation have reached the highest proportion Egypt of epidemiology in recent years. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of the habilitation of Haji Hospital, Surabaya.

This iatrogenic plague eriacta 100 mg with mastercard erectile dysfunction treatment time, which damages through wrong diagnosis cheap 100 mg eriacta free shipping erectile dysfunction treatment ayurvedic, and quack or badly administered orthodox treatments discount 100 mg eriacta overnight delivery erectile dysfunction treatment singapore, is uncovered in greater proportion each day. Secondly, there is the professional defence mounted by doctors against non-orthodox medicine. Treatments and techniques, which might cut the health budget by millions of pounds and benefit the health of the nation, are ignored because they challenge the professional mystique and monopoly of doctors or threaten the profits of pharmaceutical companies. Finally, there is the whole problematic paradigm of a pharmaceutical company-led health service with its drug-orientated diagnosis and treatment. I used to believe not only in the fundamental principle of socialised health care, but also that such a system inevitably involved a more philanthropic and caring approach than that provided by a private service. Medical professionals, I believed, inhabited a higher moral ground serving the public good within the National Health Service. In fact, I was to learn that many doctors are just as influenced by the biases of class and education and prone to the same mercenary financial inducements as other professionals, whether they work inside or outside a socialised system. While most socialists argue the case against market-organised health care as they argue against all other cases of market economics, they consistently fail to address the issue of the drug company monopolies and cartels, an issue which makes the health provision market different from other markets. As long as health care is overshadowed by the drugs monopolies and cartels and medical practice dominated by the closed shop of professional medical training, the idea of market economics is as fallacious as the socialist idea of a socialised dispersement of care within a need-led system. Of all the industries apart perhaps from defence, pharmaceutical production is the only one allowed to support the monopoly practices which presently determine the price and availability of its products. Such monopoly practices have disastrous consequences for the public purse and the health of the consumer. Is it morally or ethically right that a private company makes profits of £200 million a year from a drug which has patently failed to cure anyone? Health care costs in Britain could be cut considerably by either statutarily restricting the price of pharmaceutical products or nationalising drug production, while maintaining a mixed economy in all types of medical research. In such circumstances, both the private and public sector research organisations would be working for the government. At the present time, by subsidising research rather than production, the government actually subsidises the private sector with public money. The resolve of the present government to cut public spending further will eventually result in the whole of medical research, production, marketing and prescription being controlled by a few enormous corporations. These corporations are presently regulated and made accountable by only the most feeble and incestuously enforced guidelines. Seriously independent controls have to be introduced into pharmaceutical production and marketing. The dominance of powerful monopolies in health, and the influence of these companies in the teaching of medicine, their predominance in the professional bodies of doctors and ancillary health care workers mean that small community-generated systems of socialised health care do not develop. Many of the self-help groups for particular illnesses, which have previously survived the blandishments of the drug companies, are now being undermined by professional-help groups set up by the very companies which produce the pharmaceutical treatments for the particular illnesses. Professional drugs marketing is eroding the last vestiges of self-help and continuing a trend of deskilling doctors by selling drugs directly to the vulnerable sick. Health care costs could be cut by breaking the monopoly which doctors and drug companies have over professional training. This should not be, as it is at the moment, a dickering on the margins of the National Health Service, an endless and irrelevant discussion about whether or not cancer hospitals should introduce aromatherapy on one evening a week for women who have had surgery. Divided legacy: the conflict between homoeopathy and the American Medical Association. Long, giving evidence before the Senate Subcommittee on Administrative Practice and Procedure (Invasions of Privacy) 1965. Huntington Beach, Calif: International Institute of Natural Health Sciences, 1986. Disputed health lobby is pressing for a Bill to overturn any limits on sales of vitamins. Huntington Beach, Calif: International Institute of Natural Health Sciences, 1986. National Council Against Health Fraud Newsletter: Quality in the Health Market Place, 14 (1), January/February 1991. National Council Against Health Fraud Newsletter: Quality in the Health Market Place, 13 (6), November/December 1990. The Liberal conspiracy: The Congress for Cultural Freedom and the struggle for the mind of Europe. In vitro immunological degranulation of human basophils is modulated by lung histamine and Apis mellifica. Effect upon mouse peritoneal macrophages of orally administered very high dilutions of silica. Granada; a series of programmes beginning Wednesday 17 July 1991, produced by Open Media Productions, London. Mr Green, who farms at Bridgnorth, Shropshire, in Farmers Weekly, 14 December 1990. J ean Monro, quoting the work of the Environmental Health Center, Dallas, in Detoxification programme. Prevention of brain disorder associated with low birth weight in City and Hackney. Nutritional and mental illness: an orthomolecular approach to balancing body chemistry. The effect of vitamin and mineral supplementation on intelligence of a sample of school children. Vitamin and mineral supplements improve the intelligence scores and concentration of six-year-old children. The impact of vitamin/mineral supplementation on the intelligence scores of children — a summary and discussion of the scientific evidence. Controlled trial of vitamin-mineral supplementation; effect on intelligence and performance.