Mark Corson

By T. Yugul. Saint Louis University. 2018.

On next day order viagra jelly 100 mg otc erectile dysfunction herbal, after fasting blood sample was collected order 100mg viagra jelly visa protocol for erectile dysfunction, the 3 dose was given and oral glucose tolerance test was done generic 100mg viagra jelly free shipping impotence in young males. After 2 days washout period one group was given 1g/day dose and the second group was administered with 1. It was observed that dyspepsia, anorexia, nausea and vomiting were due to its bitterness at high doses and the compliance of the test seed was not good because of its side effects and 2 patients tested with high doses, were dropped out from the study. Hot aqueous extracts of medicinal plants were tested for their inhibitory effect on phosphodiesterase to detect biologically active compounds present there in using nuclear-based techniques. The aqueous extracts were partitioned with chloroform and the chloroform solubles and insolubles were tested. The former showed higher activity principles are more soluble in organic solvents. Our findings support that the biological activity (inhibitory effect on the camp) correlates with the pharmacological activity. Preliminary screening of the reputed hypotensive property of the indigenous plant Plantogo major. Khin Kyi Kyi; Mya Bwin; Sein Gwan; Chit Maung; Aye Than; Mya Tu, M; Tha, Saw Johnson. Crude extracts of the indigenous plant, Plantago major, from Rangoon, Kalaw and Taunggyi were tested for hypotensive action anaesthetized normotensive dogs. Early trials with the crude watery extract in a dose of 125mg/kg given intravenously were found to produce sustained fall in blood pressure of 20-40mmHg. Fractionation of the crude extract was carried out and similar screening of the various fractions was done. Flowers (water hyacinth) known as Beda in Myanmar was scientifically evaluated for its traditionally reputed activity of hypoglycaemic property. When aqueous extract of the flower (48g/Kg) was tested on rabbit models, no blood sugar lowering effect was observed on both of adrenaline- induced and glucose-loaded model. But the flower decoction (20ml/Kg) was tested rabbit model, blood sugar lowering effect was observed on glucose-loaded model. Acute toxicity test and qualitative chemical studies were also conducted on the aqueous extract of the flower. Detailed results on the evaluated pharmacological activity, acute toxicity study and qualitative chemical tests were discussed and reported. Mu Mu Sein Myint; Aye Than; Aung Aung Maw; May Aye Than; Khin Tar Yar Myint; Win Win Maw; Myint Myint Khine; San San Myint; Thandar Than. This study is to determine the phytochemical constituents, acute toxicity and the hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of dried seeds of Cuminum cyminun Linn. Qualitative identification tests of the chemical constituents present in the crude powder and aqueous extract were conducted. Acute toxicity study of the aqueous extract of dried seeds was evaluated and was observed that it was not toxic up to 6g/kg body weight. Evaluation of hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract was carried out on adrenaline-induced diabetic rabbits. It was found that the aqueous extract of 3gm/kg body wt of dried seeds significantly lowered the blood glucose levels at 1hr (p<0. Mu Mu Sein Myint; May Aye Than; Khine Khine Lwin; Aye Than; Khin Tar Yar Myint; Mar Mar Myint; Phyu phyu Win; Hla Phyo Lin; Khin May Nyo. The aim of this study is to determine phytochemical constituents, acute toxicity and hypoglycemic effect of aqueous and 95% ethanol extract of whole plant of Phyllanthus niruri Linn. Phytochemical results showed that crude powder, aqueous extract and 95% ethanol extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, amino acids and polyphenols. Acute toxicity study of crude powder, aqueous extract and 95% ethanol extracts were evaluated in mice. Both crude powder and 95% ethanol extracts showed no evidence of toxicity up to the maximum feasible dose level of 3gm/kg body weight. In contrast, the maximum feasible dose level of aqueous extract was 6g/kg body weight. It was found that 95% ethanol extracts significantly lowered the body glucose levels at 2hr (p<0. Aqueous extract also lowered the body glucose levels at 1hr, 2hr,3hr and 4hr (P<0. Hypoglycemic effect of standard drug glibenclamide (4gm/kg body weight) was also studied to compare with that of the plant extracts. Than Lwin; Khin Chit; Ti Ti; Thaw Zin; Phyu Phyu Win; Mar Mar Myint; Tin Nu Swe; Paing Soe. Results were not optimistic since 2 of the patients expired within 5 months, one showed no improvement, and gradual deterioration in chest X-ray. All patients showed significant improvement between 3 months to one year of treatment. The last patient revealed fall and rise phenomenon in bacillary load on direct smear examination. They may even find place as alternative to extremely expensive drugs like macrolides and beta-lactam antibiotics. On human subjects the fresh leaves showed no purgative action unless heat-treated by boiling otherwise. It caused purgation in 1-2 hours, with maximum effect within 3-6 hours and no effect after 12 hours following the injection. Preparations of various tincture forms to withstand storage were tested and it was observed that there was no marked difference in potency between that from the fresh leaves and that from the partially dried leaves. Administered together with meal it was found to be significantly more effective (p<0. May Aye Than; Mu Mu Sein Myint; Aye Than; Myint Thuzar Thant; Thandar Myint; Tin Nu Swe.

An Prolonged heparin use may result in hyperkalemia in electrocardiogram should be obtained immediately to predisposed children with renal impairment cheap 100mg viagra jelly amex erectile dysfunction treatment, through exclude cardiac toxicity cheap viagra jelly 100 mg without a prescription erectile dysfunction 43. The cal- and creatinine; plasma osmoles; uric acid; complete cineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus may blood count; creatine phosphokinase; lactate dehydro- cause hyperkalemia by suppressing renin release and genase; and concurrent 8 A buy viagra jelly 100 mg visa erectile dysfunction proton pump inhibitors. They also reduce glomerular filtration and may coid resistance, it typically presents with hypovolemia Chapter 3 Dyskalemias 49 and poses a greater challenge to evaluate. Electrolytes provides complementary information, which is helpful should be monitored frequently because the resin is not to assess distal nephron response to hyperkalemia. In those with impaired renal function, with appropriate renal excretion of a K+ load. Patients with compartment; as such, the following therapies are not aldosterone resistance will require salt supplements, definitive and often provide only transient benefit. Although easily overlooked, it [71, 85, 90], and adults [5–8, 83] with hyperkalemia. Insulin, which also shifts K+ intracellularly, ment of acute hyperkalemia target four strategies to should be given 0. Serum body, (2) shifting K+ intracellularly, (3) antagonizing glucose should be monitored closely. The shift effect the effects of K+ at cell membranes, and (4) diluting of insulin begins in 1 h and has a transient duration. Sodium The use of isotonic saline as a therapy of hyperka- polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate), an ion exchange lemia is supported by observational data, which dem- resin, binds K+ in exchange for sodium within the onstrate that fluid resuscitation results in hypokalemia intestinal lumen and is very effective for K+ removal. This is particularly helpful in patients with hypov- Kayexalate in sorbitol or dextrose should be given olemia and tenuous renal perfusion, in whom the use of 0. In sodium, and 1 g kg−1 can be expected to reduce plasma cases of mineralocorticoid deficiency or resistance, K+ by 1 meq L−1. Oral doses may be given in up to 70% fludrocortisone should be considered, as well as saline sorbitol or 10% dextrose with 3–4 mL of water per 1 g expansion and diuresis. Such interventions Patient Safety Goals of the Joint Commission of are designed to reduced proximal causes of error, Chapter 3 Dyskalemias 51 and in this case resulted in statistically significant 13. Transfusion 23(2):163–4 ure is temporizing and does not facilitate K+ removal or 17. In addition, several therapies should be effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Summary employed simultaneously to remove, redistribute, dilute, and recommendations. N Engl J Med during rapid blood transfusion and hypovolaemic cardiac 356(19):1966–78 arrest in children. Semin Dial 14(5):348–56 hyperkalaemic cardiac arrest in craniofacial surgery in a 4. Anaesth Intensive Care 27(5):530–3 disorders – clinical spectrum and emergency manage- 24. Allon M (1995) Hyperkalemia in end-stage renal disease: 632–4 Mechanisms and management. Am J Kidney Modulation of the secretion of potassium by accompany- Dis 26(4):607–13 ing anions in humans. Allon M, Dunlay R, Copkney C (1989) Nebulized Int 37(2):793–8 albuterol for acute hyperkalemia in patients on hemodi- 29. Ann Intern Med 110(6):426–9 hyperkalemia during rapid and massive blood transfusion 9. Acta age of erythrocyte concentration administered to premature Anaesthesiol Sin 37(3):163–6 infants: A retrospective study. Crit Rev Clin lamines on Na–K transport and membrane potential in rat Lab Sci 40(3):295–335 soleus muscle. Hermsmeyer K, Sperelakis N (1970) Decrease in K+ con- insulinopenia and adrenal hormone deficiency on acute ductance and depolarization of frog cardiac muscle pro- potassium tolerance. Studies with somatostatin 130(5):778–80 in normal dogs and in normal and diabetic human beings. Am J Physiol 242(3): kalemia on distal tubular potassium secretion in the rat F207–F219 kidney. Endocrinology of graded solute diuresis on renal tubular sodium trans- 85(2):381–4 port in the rat. Giebisch G (1998) Renal potassium transport: Mechanisms of distal nephron sodium transport. Current genital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase defi- Medicine, Philadelphia, pp. Am J Med base disturbances on basolateral membrane potential and 98(6):575–86 intracellular potassium activity in the proximal tubule of 97. Am J Physiol 180(3):539–44 blood testing in the intensive care units of a university 79. N Engl J Med hypocalcemic cardiac arrest associated with initiation 324(6):377–84 of blood-primed continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Pediatr Crit Care Med 4(1):65–8 study of distal tubular potassium and sodium transport in 101. Am J Physiol 211(3):529–47 blood cells older than five days for neonatal transfusion. J Lab Clin Med mutation in the skeletal muscle Na+channel alpha-subunit in 73(2):291–8 hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis. Am J Physiol 255(1, Part 2):F108–F114 Acid–Base and Electrolyte Disorders, 5th edn. J Determinants of low clearances of small solutes during Pharmacol Exp Ther 177(2):433–9 peritoneal dialysis. Shoemaker L, Eaton B, Buchino J (2007) A three-year-old ment implicating potassium intoxication.

Although the external injury may not appear to be particularly serious cheap viagra jelly 100 mg amex erectile dysfunction trials, damage to vital struc- tures cheap viagra jelly 100mg on line erectile dysfunction doctors fort worth, such as the heart generic viagra jelly 100mg free shipping erectile dysfunction herbs, liver, or major blood vessels, can lead to considerable morbidity and death, usually from hemorrhage. In those individuals who survive, it is common for little information to be present about the forensic description of the wound because the priority of resuscitation may mean that no record is made. If operative intervention is undertaken, the forensic signifi- cance of a wound may be obliterated by suturing it or using the wound as the entry for an exploratory operation. In such cases, it is appropriate to attempt to get a forensic physician to assess the wound in theatre or subsequently. Stab wounds are rarely accidental and occasionally suicidal, but usually their infliction is a result of criminal intent. In the case of suicide, the wounds are usually located on the front of the chest or upper abdomen and, as with self- inflicted incisions, may be associated with several superficial tentative punc- ture wounds (see Subheading 3. When deliberately inflicted by an assailant, stab wounds may be associated with defense injuries to the arms and hands. The appearance of the skin wound will vary depending on the weapon used and can easily be distorted by movement of the surrounding skin. If the blade is double- edged, such as that of a dagger, the extremities of the wound tend to be equally pointed. A stab wound from a single-edged blade, such as a kitchen knife, will usually have one extremity rounded, squared-off, or fish-tailed (caused by the noncutting back of the blade). When blunt weapons are used—a pair of scissors, for example—the wound tends to be more rounded or oval, with bruising of its margins (see Fig. Scissor wounds can sometimes have a cross-shape caused by the blade screws or rivets. Notched wounds are often caused by the blade of the weapon being partially withdrawn and then rein- troduced into the wound or twisted during penetration. It is rarely possible from an inspection of the skin wound alone to com- ment usefully on the width of the blade because the skin retracts and the knife is unlikely to have been introduced and removed perfectly perpendicularly. Deliberate Self-Harm Deliberate self-harm refers to any attempt by an individual to harm him- self or herself. When assessing injuries, it is important to understand which factors may indicate the possibility that an injury was caused by deliberate Injury Assessment 143 Table 4 Indicators of Possible Deliberate Self-Harm Injuries • Must be on an area of body accessible to the person to injure themselves. Individuals injure themselves for numerous reasons, including psy- chiatric illness and others, such as attempting to imply events took place that did not or for motives of gain. Self-inflicted injuries have several characteris- tics, which are not diagnostic but that together may give an indication of self- infliction. Table 4 lists features that may assist in the recognition or suspicion that cuts or other injury, such as scratches, are self-inflicted—all or some may be present—their absence does not preclude self-infliction nor does their pres- ence necessarily imply self-infliction (2). As with all injuries within the forensic setting it is essential in these nonfatal cases that the initial appear- ances of the injuries be accurately described and the wounds photographed. This is particularly important because subsequent surgical treatment may dis- tort or completely obliterate the wound characteristics. Furthermore, any frag- ments, bullets, or pellets found within the wounds must be carefully removed and handed over to the appropriate authorities. Smooth-Bore Weapons Shotguns, which fire a large number of small projectiles, such as lead shot, are the most common type of smooth-bore weapons. They are commonly used in sporting and agricultural activities and may be either single or double- barreled. The ammunition for these weapons consists of a plastic or cardboard cartridge case with a brass base containing a percussion cap. Inside the main part of the cartridge is a layer of propellant, plastic, felt, or cardboard wads and a mass of pellets (lead shot of variable size) (see Fig. In addition to the pellets, the wads and/or cards may contribute to the appearance of the wounds and may be important in estimating range and possible direction. Rifled Weapons Rifled weapons are characterized by having parallel spiral projecting ridges (or lands) extending down the interior of the barrel from the breach to the muzzle. The rifling also leaves characteristic scratches and rifling marks that are unique to that weapon on the bullet surface. There are three common types of rifled weapons: the revolver, the pistol, and the rifle. The Injury Assessment 145 revolver, which tends to have a low muzzle velocity of 150 m/s, is a short- barreled weapon with its ammunition held in a metal drum, which rotates each time the trigger is released. In the self-loading pistol, often called “semi-automatic” or erroneously “automatic,” the ammunition is held in a metal clip-type maga- zine under the breach. Each time the trigger is pulled, the bullet in the breach is fired, the spent cartridge case is ejected from the weapon, and a spring mecha- nism pushes up the next live bullet into the breach ready to be fired. The rifle is a long-barreled shoulder weapon capable of firing bullets with velocities up to 1500 m/s. Most military rifles are “automatic,” allowing the weapon to continue to fire while the trigger is depressed until the magazine is empty; thus, they are capable of discharging multiple rounds within seconds. Shotgun Wounds When a shotgun is discharged, the lead shot emerges from the muzzle as a solid mass and then progressively diverges in a cone shape as the distance from the weapon increases. The pellets are often accompanied by particles of unburned powder, flame, smoke, gases, wads, and cards, which may all affect the appearance of the entrance wound and are dependent on the range of fire. Both the estimated range and the site of the wound are crucial factors in deter- mining whether the wound could have been self-inflicted. If the wound has been sustained through clothing, then important resi- dues may be found on the clothing if it is submitted for forensic examination. It is absolutely essential that the advice of the forensic science team and crime scene investigator is sought when retrieving such evidence. When clothing is being cut off in the hospital, staff should avoid cutting through any apparent holes.

For example generic viagra jelly 100mg with mastercard erectile dysfunction after radiation treatment for prostate cancer, one study showed that expectation or hope is able to stimulate the part of the brain that is activated by pain medications and associated with pain relief purchase viagra jelly 100 mg with mastercard erectile dysfunction diabetes medication. In addition purchase viagra jelly 100mg on-line erectile dysfunction symptoms causes, numerous changes in chemical mediators of pain, inflammation, and mood have also been demonstrated with the placebo response. The bottom line here is that there is tremendous evidence that the placebo response is a highly specific and targeted healing effect that is triggered by both conscious and unconscious activity in the brain. Rather than discounting and trying to avoid a placebo response, modern medicine should be more intent on developing techniques and practices designed to stimulate the same healing centers within patients as noted in these studies with placebos. In order for a drug to be approved it must show a therapeutic effect greater than that of a placebo. Because the outcome of a trial can be affected by both doctors’ and patients’ beliefs about the value of a treatment, most placebo-controlled trials are usually conducted in double-blind fashion: that is, not only are the patients unaware when they are receiving a placebo; the doctors are unaware as well. Beecher published his groundbreaking paper “The Powerful Placebo,” in which he concluded that across the 26 studies he analyzed, an average of 32% of patients responded to a placebo. The reason is that in the real world the placebo response is enhanced by both the doctor’s and the patient’s expectations. Conditions That Respond Significantly to Placebo Angina Anxiety Arthritis Asthma Behavioral problems Claudication, intermittent Common cold Cough, chronic Depression Diabetes (type 2) Drug dependence Dyspepsia Gastric ulcers Hay fever Headaches Hypertension Insomnia Labor and postpartum pain Ménière’s disease Menstrual cramps Nausea of pregnancy Pain Premenstrual syndrome Psychoneuroses Tremor The Holy Trinity of the Placebo Response Noted Harvard psychologist Herbert Benson, M. Benson believes that the placebo effect yields beneficial clinical results in 60 to 90% of diseases. He states that the placebo “has been one of medicine’s most potent assets and it should not be belittled or ridiculed. Unlike most other treatments, it is safe and inexpensive and has withstood the test of time. If the therapeutic interaction between the physician and the patient does not stimulate the patient’s hope, faith, and belief, the chances of success are measurably diminished no matter how strong or effective a medication may be. It has been repeatedly demonstrated in clinical trials designed to better understand the placebo effect that the beliefs of both the patient and the doctor, as well as their trust in each other and the process, generate a significant portion of the therapeutic results. Conventional medicine often criticizes and belittles therapies that have not been stringently tested using the double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, but in doing so it is arguing against something that is time-tested—the art of healing. The bottom line here is that patients of a compassionate, warm, and caring physician will experience better outcomes and fewer medication-related side effects than patients of an uninterested, cold, and uncaring physician. The Opposite of a Placebo The word placebo comes from the Latin term for “I will please. It describes the experience of having a side effect from an apparently inert treatment or substance. Healthy individuals have adverse effects from placebos about 25% of the time, but if patients are specifically asked about adverse effects, this figure can rise to 70%. While a nocebo response is usually used to describe an adverse reaction to a placebo, it could also be applied to describe an unusual or exaggerated response to a medication. The classic example given is the fact that in the Framingham Heart Study, women were four times more likely to die from a heart attack if they believed they were prone to heart disease, compared with women with similar risk profiles who did not have that belief. Definitions of Some Expectation Effects Behind the Placebo Response Hawthorne effect Subjects respond to knowledge of being evaluated and observed Jastrow effect Subjects respond to explicit expectations about outcome Pygmalion effect Evaluators expect therapeutic benefit, so they see it John Henry effect Control subjects attempt to emulate expected outcomes Halo effect Subjects respond to treatment novelty (i. Prayer costs nothing, has no negative side effects, and fits perfectly into any treatment plan. No matter what faith you embrace, you can use the power of prayer to lead you to better health—of body, mind, and soul. Most physicians are taught that any consideration of religious commitment is beyond the legitimate interest and scope of medical care. It should not be this way, but the reality is that many believe faith and medical science are mutually exclusive despite the fact that numerous scientific studies have now fully validated the efficacy of faith, prayer, and religion in healing. Indeed, many medical experts feel that not to include a spiritual dimension in a patient’s plan for treatment and recovery is to be medically irresponsible. Not surprisingly, he found that prayer has received relatively little attention from the research community. National Library of Medicine) from 1980 to 1996 revealed only 364 studies that included faith, religion, or prayer as part of the treatment. The numbers are small, but the conclusion is huge: the data show that prayer and religious commitment promote good health and healing. Scientific investigation into the healing power of prayer has shown that prayer can affect physical processes in a variety of organisms. Specifically, studies have explored the effects of prayer on humans and on nonhuman subjects, including water, enzymes, bacteria, fungi, yeast, red blood cells, cancer cells, pacemaker cells, seeds, plants, algae, moth larvae, mice, and chicks. In these studies, prayer affected the manner in which these organisms grew or functioned. What scientists discovered —no doubt to their amazement—is that prayer affected a number of biological process, including • Enzyme activity • The growth rates of leukemic white blood cells • Mutation rates of bacteria • Germination and growth rates of various seeds • The firing rate of the heart’s natural pacemaker cells • Healing rates of wounds • Size of goiters and tumors • Time required to awaken from anesthesia • Autonomic effects such as electrical activity of the skin • Hemoglobin levels Given the scientific support for prayer’s beneficial effects, not praying for the best possible outcome may be the equivalent of deliberately withholding an effective drug or surgical procedure. Benson of Harvard found that patients who prayed or meditated evoked their body’s relaxation response. This response—the exact opposite of the stress response, the “fight-or-flight” reaction that we feel during tense situations —includes decreases in heart rate, breathing rate, muscle tension, and sometimes even blood pressure. The medical implications of the relaxation response are enormous and may serve as the underlying basis for most mind-body techniques, such as guided imagery (discussed below) and meditation. The relaxation response has been shown to produce useful effects in a variety of different disease states.